The Compilation System

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  • Preprocessing: The preprocessing phase is the first phase of the compilation process. It is responsible for performing simple text transformations on the source code, such as expanding macros and including header files.
  • Compilation: The compilation phase is the second phase of the compilation process. It is responsible for translating the source code into machine code.
  • Assembly: The assembly phase is the third phase of the compilation process. It is responsible for translating the machine code into assembly language.
  • Linking: The linking phase is the final phase of the compilation process. It is responsible for combining the object files created by the compiler with other libraries and object files to create an executable program.

Here is a more detailed explanation of each phase:

  • Preprocessing: The preprocessor is a program that performs simple text transformations on the source code. These transformations can include expanding macros, including header files, and performing conditional compilation. The preprocessor is typically implemented as a separate program that is invoked before the compiler.
  • Compilation: The compiler is a program that translates the source code into machine code. The compiler first parses the source code to build a syntax tree. The syntax tree is a data structure that represents the structure of the source code. The compiler then performs semantic analysis on the syntax tree to check for errors in the code's syntax and semantics. If there are no errors, the compiler generates machine code from the syntax tree.
  • Assembly: The assembler is a program that translates machine code into assembly language. Assembly language is a human-readable form of machine code. The assembler typically implements a simple one-to-one mapping between machine code instructions and assembly language instructions.
  • Linking: The linker is a program that combines the object files created by the compiler with other libraries and object files to create an executable program. The linker also resolves any external references in the object files.

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